European Studies 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

European Studies 2 - Essay Example This paper endeavors to clarify why and in the process talks about the characteristics and attributes that make a decent pioneer, in view of the perspectives on Machiavelli, which appear to do viciousness on the well known idea of administration. As indicated by Machiavelli, well meaning goals, solid good feelings and even specialized skill don't ensure achievement in the political and managerial field (Dobel, 1998). â€Å"The man who needs to act prudently inside and out essentially ends up badly among such huge numbers of who are not virtuous.† A man from the average folks may yearn for the most noteworthy post, and he can do alone or with the assistance of others. In the event that he turns into a pioneer through his riches as opposed to through notoriety or power of arms, he is still said to have become a pioneer with the assistance of others. The explanation is that the individuals will look not to him yet to his riches as the wellspring of his influence. The people’s mentality will be put together not with respect to the quality of his character or the shrewdness of his demonstrations however on the condition of his accounts. Machiavelli considers charity and liberality among the different characteristics it is alluring to find in a pioneer, however â€Å"the notoriety for benevolence or liberality is better than the training thereof.† as it were, one shouldn't be liberal or liberal all through. The significant thing is he gets a notoriety for these inclinations without going over the edge. The peril with a completely liberal mien, as per Machiavelli, is this is probably going to â€Å"consume his entire substance in things of this sort†¦ and be obliged, to keep up his notoriety for magnanimity, to trouble his subjects with uncommon duties and to fall back on appropriations and the various movements whereby cash is raised.† By devouring the methods for rehearsing charity and liberality, these attitudes lead to a notoriety for the inverse. When all is said in done, pioneers are in an ideal situation in the event that they are adored instead of dreaded by their constituents. Machiavelli,

The Difficulty of Measuring the Cost of Living Essay -- Economics

The Difficulty of Measuring the Cost of Living Typical cost for basic items is intended to quantify the expenses of looking after living principles of regular workers families. It was first presented in 1914. It is hard to gauge the typical cost for basic items since costs are continually changing, which means cost of items will change as well. Costs will change for example because of increments in expenses or expansion, so if a can coke was $1 in 2000, because of an expansion in wage requests, costs have expanded and therefore the selling cost of coke has expanded to $2 in 2001. This happens to numerous products in the market and as a aftereffect of that it is hard to quantify the cost of items as that are continually changing over some stretch of time. The nature of items additionally changes, anyway this will show up on the average cost for basic items file. For example PCs, CD players, TVs are of preferable quality now over they were previously and that is the reason their costs have expanded. Anyway just the cost of the item will be referenced in the record, not the way that its quality has been improved. Their structure and execution additionally changes. So a value change will go with the presentation of another model or an improved structure. Hence it is hard to survey the genuine idea of the cost change. A model is the cost if BMW vehicles has expanded by 10 percent, however the quality, execution and structure of the new model is much better and better than that of the more seasoned model, has the trade esteem expanded or diminished? Expense additionally influences the typical cost for basic items since; changes in roundabout assessments will influence te merchandise and ventures we buy. Charges will either increment or abatement because of the fluctuating expansion rate. Changes in the roundabout expense... ...uct. This is known as the requirement for change and it's a mental angle more purchasers experience. Too new items are designed, buyers get inquisitive and need to attempt them out and this prompts changes in tastes and design. This causes a issue with weighting. Consequently estimating the typical cost for basic items is exceptionally troublesome, on the grounds that costs change, quality changes, and shopper's preferences and design change. Likewise this is the age of innovation meaning new creations are being grown quicker than any of us can envision, which means the expense and living file should be refreshed consistently and which means it isn't extremely exact. Likewise there are a great many individuals in every nation, by what method can you recognize what is the normal spending propensity? To accept there is one, you should disregard individuals who don't fit that measures meaning, the average cost for basic items control is wrong.

Ethics And Social Issues - Formal Report And Survey And Analysis Of

Ethics And Social Issues - Formal Report And Survey And Analysis Of Ethics And Social Issues - Formal Report And Survey And Analysis Of The IT Employment Market â€" Assignment Example > Title: Ethics and Social Issues - Formal report and Survey and analysis of the IT employment market Word count: 1253/855@ 2010Assignment 2- Formal reportExecutive SummaryLeikkessa Jones established her software consulting company after quitting her job as a system designer. Currently, her company got a contract to establish a database management system for a company that manufactures toys. In the course of the design process Leikkessa informed the company’s CEO, Director of personnel and the Director of information concerning the progress of the system. However, when it came to deciding the degree of security that the system should have the Leikkessa and the company had varied opinions. The company’s officials preferred a system that incorporates basic security so as to save on the costs. On the other hand, Leikkessa prefers a system that incorporates high security since the information that will be stored is sensitive because it includes medical records for insurance claims, salaries and performance evaluations. Furthermore, Leikkessa strongly feels that designing a system with pitiable security would be violating her professional ethics (Johnson Miller 2009). This paper seeks to explore ethical issues in the above case in reference to codes of ethics in the Australian Computer Society (ACS). It will illustrate ethical guidelines relevant to this scenario. Moreover, this paper will seek to give recommendations to Leikkessa whether or not she should refuse to design the system according to the company’s specifications. IntroductionInformation security in databases involves protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access and modifications. The enhancement of information security is imperative in a company’s database since it promotes integrity and confidentiality. In most cases corporations amass sensitive information that requires confidentiality about their employees and key operations. The breach of security can lead to business losses , bankruptcy and law suits. Therefore, it is essential to enhance information security in the company’s databases. The enhancement of security in the information system of a company is not only a business requirement, it also ethical and a legal requirement (Dhillon 2007). The Australian Computer Society (ACS) code of ethicsThe Australian Computer Society (ACS) is a body that aims at promoting professional excellence and integrity in information technology. This association has a set of codes of ethics that seek to govern and give guidelines to personnel in the field of information technology. These codes of ethics have stipulations on what is ethical and unethical amongst professionals in practice in the field of information technology. In reference to the scenario involving Leikkessa’s Company and the toy manufacturing company there are a number of codes of ethics from the Australian Computer Society (ACS)that are quite relevant to issues revolving around the security of info rmation systems(ACS 2008). For instance, the standards of conduct set out in the Australian Computer Society codes of ethics stipulate that professions in this field must strive to be forthright, impartial and competent in their profession, they should also serve the community loyally. Ideals and values stipulated in the codes of ethics give provisions of dealing with clientele in this field. The provisions stipulate that professions must strive to enhance integrity and the quality of life through their skills. Furthermore, professions must work competently and diligently for their clients or employers (ACS 2008).

The Myth Of Police Reform - 1518 Words

When it comes to the topic of police reform, many agree that our country is long overdue for it, however, the questions are how exactly do we, as a nation, go about changing one of the most powerful structures to exist in the country. While some believe that reform must come from within the individually flawed police departments, others argue that the entire criminal justice system needs an overhaul. In this Response essay about Ta-Nehisti Coastes’ essay â€Å"The Myth of Police Reform,† Coates is saying, that the criminal-justice system is not working as well as it should. They are putting people, especially African Americans in jail or killing them. Some people have a mental or physical disability or a have a drug or alcohol problem that†¦show more content†¦This exemplifies, Coastes primary argument, that the problem in our criminal justice system is that we often send police who resort to deadly violence instead of sending someone who is more equipped to ha ndle these situations. Coates begins his argument by telling his story â€Å"fear and compliance have their place, but it can’t ever place† (par. 1), which is a strong example of logos. He assures his readers that it is not good to have a police officer respond to a situation with deadly force when someone like a social worker may be better at dealing with it. The huge flaw with our justice system is that, as Coates states, police officers are not social workers, and often social workers, mental health professionals that would seem more equipped to handle these situations like Tony Robinson, Anthony Hill, and Tamir Rice. In his article, Coastes states that many flaws in the way police handle situations, especially when it comes to situations involving minors, those with physical/mental disabilities as well as those that are under the influence of drugs or alcohol. Using pathos to appeal it to the reader’s emotions, Coastes states several instances of deadly forces being used by police when not necessary, such as in the cases of Anthony Hill, Tony Roberson, and Tamir Rice. In Hill’s case, he was a mentally ill person that stripped his clothing off and then jumped off his balcony and the police killed him. Roberson was highShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Discretion of the Police831 Words   |  4 Pages In this paper, I will be writing about Police Discretion. I will start by defining Police Discretion then briefly discuss the use of discretion in domestic disturbances, minor misdemeanors, and traffic enforcement. I will also discuss the application of police discretion, the provisions it uses and how it is currently practiced. At the end of these brief descriptions, I will then present the myth that exists in regards to police discretion. And finally, I will end this paper with my personal opinionRead MorePolice Discretion833 Words   |  4 PagesIn this paper, I will be writing about Police Discretion. I will start by defining Police Discretion then briefly discuss the use in domestic disturbances, minor misdemeanors, and traffic enforcement. I will also discuss the application of police discretion, the provisions it uses and how it is currently practiced. At the end of these brief descriptions, I will then present the myth that exists in regards to police discretion. And fi nally, I will end this paper with my personal opinion as wellRead MoreEssay about Criminal Justice Myths and Facts1363 Words   |  6 Pages Compare and contrast crime myths and facts. The media plays a huge role in forming peoples perceptions of crime. Without the media we would remain ignorant to occurrences outside our direct social groups. The media and especially news coverage therefore provides us with an important point of contact with the rest of society. In evaluating its effect on popular perceptions of crime it becomes important to consider where most of the information comes from and how representative it is onRead MoreChaos Of Los Angeles Riots / Civil Disturbance1482 Words   |  6 Pagespeople believe the cause of the 1992 Los Angeles riots/civil disturbance was due to the acquittal of four LAPD officers who had been charged with the use of excessive force in the videotaped arrest and beating of Rodney King, following a high-speed police chase. Many believed the verdict was unjust, that in fact excessive force was used in the arrest. As a result, many feel this injustice caused the riots. When people take the time to do a more in-depth review/ research of the subject, they willRead MoreCrime after Crime: A Documentary838 Words   |  4 Pagesnot leaving the abuser and allow the abuse to continue (Belknap 249). However, the fact that she was heavily abused was not allowed to come out in court. To the jurors, she was tried for hiring an assassin to kill Oliver for insurance purposes. The myth of battered women syndrome claimed that these women have the ability to leave whenever they wish, and could have avoided the situation. Therefore, it is the women’s fault for killing their intimate other. The abuse prior has nothing to do with it (HerreraRead MoreCircumstances Leading to Rodney Kings Beating1322 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most significant events of the late twentieth century when considering the tension between African Americans and white police officers in the last two centuries. It seemed that the beating and the effect that it had on the world as a whole embodied societys feelings concerning the idea of discrimination. The fact that Rodney King was African American and that white police officers used unnecessary force when trying to apprehend him made it possible for people to understand that even though theRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1204 Words   |  5 Pagescountry with a completely different culture we tend to follow our own myths and things culturally. There are so many good and interesting things we learned specially from the U.S culture and which we incorporate to ours that is why the U.S is a multicultural country in which I am proud to live in and success in my career life. Faye Hipsman, Doris Meissner (2013) said â€Å"Today, the United States may be on the threshold of major new reforms that would address longstanding problems of illegal immigration,Read MoreSocial Justice Action Project, Britnee And I Interviewed College Students892 Words   |  4 PagesMovement stood for and tackle some of the myths and misconceptions of what the organization represented. In the process, the interviewees have expressed their feelings of how today’s society is blinded by irrational thinking and biased beliefs. This project have made us realize that people often blame the movement of being inconsiderate to all lives matter, relating the movement to the â€Å"armed and dangerous† Black Panthers, and the never-ending issues of police-to-black killings. We have chosen thisRead MoreThe Student Movement of 1968 Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pagesinstituted reforms that were considered â€Å"left† during his time. Although Echeverria did this because he felt the need to reform the political party from within, the political climate following the student revolt led to the inadvertent beginning of the end for the PRI Regime. The 1968 Student Movement began when police intervention after a clash between two rival high schools culminated in violence. Students began to unite in protest to the unnecessary violence used by the police, and police continuedRead MoreRole Of The Criminal Justice System Essay1644 Words   |  7 Pagesoffenders to justice and has additional responsibilities which include; the enforcement of court orders, collection of fines, the supervision of the community and custodial sentences and subsequent punishments, almost always adhering to the age-old myth that Justice must be seen to be done. There has always been the need for some kind of policing and for many centuries this have been evident by the antiquated and archaic types of system that had been in place in order to bring guilty parties to

Global Management Skills of the Walmart Corporation Essay

1.1 Background of the Organization Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. was founded by Sam Walton in 1962. The first Walmart store was opened in Rogers, Arkansas, United States (Walmart, 2013). In addition, Wal-Mart is the worlds second largest food retailers. After the year 1991, Wal-Mart becomes an international company, it expanded its business in 26 countries outside the United States (Walmart, 2013). Currently, Wal-Mart has over 800,000 affiliates and more than 6,000 international stores (Walmart, 2013). Wal-Mart operates in Japan called SEIYU. SEIYU was founded in 1963 and it is the largest supermarket chain in Japan (Walmart, 2013). Since 2002, Wal-Mart continues to acquire the shares of SEIYU, make it to become wholly-owned subsidiary of†¦show more content†¦2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Organization wants to achieve the objectives of sustained growth and increased profitability, organization must constant innovation its product or service, also need to carry out some plans to expand its business to enable an organization to have a better development. Organization expands its business cannot be confined to the domestic market must also move abroad, which effectively allows an organization closer to the global market and broadening the scope of business and profitability. However, business expansion is not as easy in this global environment, globalization has not only changed the enterprise competitive landscape also influence the way leaders conduct business (Caligiuri, 2006). Furthermore, with globalization, global leadership in terms of cultural knowledge needed to become more acute and require more advanced level of cognitive ability on the complexity of managing the demand of multiple cultures while completing managerial tasks (Caligiuri, 2006, Grosse, 2011). The refore, the development of global management skills is very important for the global organizations and managers. Only effective in developing global management skills can help the organization reduce the risk of international businessShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Structure991 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Structure: Walmart Michele Hileman MGT/230 June 15, 2015 Opening its doors in Rogers, Arkansas, Walmart started a profitable business in 1962. The founder, Sam Walton, could never have envisioned where his company would be in the present. Earning approximately $30,000 in 1962, Walmart has evolved into a multibillion dollar company earning over $15 billion in 2011 (Walmartstores.com, 2012). This evolution could not have come without careful planning, strategic implementationRead MoreWalmart Case Study1730 Words   |  7 PagesQuestion #1 Walmart has excellent experience in their board composition. Board members should have industry and consumer knowledge, financial and technological expertise, and CEO experience (Nadler et al. 30). Walmart’s board members have extensive experience in accounting, investing, technology, strategy, law, and international business. Many members are former CEOs who have experience in major corporations including Yahoo!, Instagram, and KPMG. Every member is also a board member of another companyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Unique Resources and Competitive Advantage for Mega-Retailers1773 Words   |  7 PagesRelationship between Unique Resources and Competitive Advantage for Mega-Retailers Introduction In an increasingly globalized marketplace, some corporations are succeeding while others are failing by virtue of a valuable competitive advantage. Although competitive advantages can assume a wide range of forms, they are typically characterized by a combination of skills and technology that provide improved efficiencies and economies that facilitate firm performance and profitability. In some cases, competitiveRead MoreAnalysis And Evaluation Of Walmart1158 Words   |  5 PagesI. BACKGROUND Walmart the supercenter giant was founded in Rogers, Arkansas in 1962(Walmart). Founded by Sam Walton with his visionary leadership and along with his associates they focused on helping consumers and communities to save money and live better (Walmart). The successful retail giant has been known to dominate markets and operate on global efficiencies. Walmart operates in 27 countries with more than 11,000 stores serving more than 2 million consumers worldwide (Walmart). The economic satisfactionRead MoreAn Understanding Of Corporate Social Responsibility1343 Words   |  6 Pagesmultinational corporation (MNC) like Walmart. This report is based on the case study ‘Walmart: Love, Earth ®Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ which identifies key points which are the criticism faced by the multinational corporation (MNC), business practices that are/were unethical and which ethical theories did/ do they violate and why do MNCs like Walmart address their social and environmental impacts. The case study is very important as it outlines the way the MNC works and the different types of violations breached by Walmart like poorRead MoreCase Study : Training And Development And Walmart904 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study 2: Training Development and Walmart Introduction Contrary to the popular belief, Walmart was started back in 1950 when Sam Walton bought his first store in Arkansas. Later, he devoted the majority of the capital to launch the first store in 1962. Sam Walton gained success in a very effective training and development strategy that enabled the company produce the best quality of product for their customers. The complete concentration of this paper is to identify, analyze, recommendRead MoreWal Marts Competitive Advantage1744 Words   |  7 PagesWal-Mart Stores Inc. is American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of discount department stores and a warehouse stores. The company is headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas and was founded by Sam Walton. Wal-Mart is the world’s largest company by revenue, according to Fortune Global 500 list in 2014 and the biggest private employer in the world with over two millions employees. Wal-Mart analytical strategy is to focus on selling products at low prices to get higher volume salesRead MoreApple s Supply Chain Management1261 Words   |  6 PagesApple supply chain management is based on its ability to quickly adapt to change. Apple strong supply chain leads the company to have a competitive advantage over its competitors. Apple is very fast to deliver products with high demand. Apple is considered one of the highest and best performing supply chain around the world. This report was written to learn best practices of Apple Supply Chain and apply them to Walmart 32nd St. I discovered that Apple’s supply chain is very simple and efficient.Read MoreWal Mart : An Examination Of Management Tools And Effectiveness1734 Words   |  7 PagesWal-Mart: An Examination of Management Tools and Effectiveness In today s ever-changing business environment, effective managers must be competent in a plethora of varying critical competencies in order to help an organization reach and exceed its respective goals. Managers must communicate and infuse a high-performance mentality in their employees, while creating an organizational culture which promotes teamwork and competitiveness for the overall betterment of the organization. To aid managersRead MoreThe Relationship between Large Retailers in Developed Countries with Factories in Developing Countires1747 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction In today’s global economy, there is a significant relationship between large retailers in countries such as the United States and Canada and factories and suppliers in developing countries, such as Bangladesh. This relationship allows companies to import and export business, and use others’ resources that may not be as readily available in the company’s home country. The Tuba Group, a garment exporter based in Bangladesh, is a major manufacturer for large retailers based in the United

Top Essay Topics on Issues with Climate Change Choices

Top Essay Topics on Issues with Climate Change Choices The coming to the consciousness of the world of the truth of climate change was a rather considerable phenomenon that it was developed to alter the way politics and related social relationship aspects will be undertaken. The truth is that we should do something about climate change fastwe don't have enough time to resist this over the subsequent 20 decades. Folks must bear in mind that nature is at the border of the catastrophe. Check if you're able to support your viewpoint. If you have not ever heard of Ultius, read Ultius reviews and discover more about how writing and editing services can assist you. The very question that countries to get held responsible to receive greater environment change hasn't yet provided adequate answers that could aid clear up the issue. The way it's often results in becoming more complicated beneath policy. The best method to be sure you're getting everything done right is to examine a great example. People learned to receive energy from various resources. They find solutions to environmental problems. Climate change will also have an effect on the financial state of the folks. It has the potential to drastically impact the future of the human race, and is intrinsically linked to the water supply across the world. It is one of the most important global issues facing the world today. It will have a huge impact on the people's health. The 30-Second Trick for Essay Topics on Issues with Climate Change Because the consequences of climate change are likely to be felt a little further away, individuals believe that we are able to always put it off. Among the consequences of climate change is the way that it will impact the people. It is a fact of life. Lastly, it is creating an increase in desertification. This post simply provides a select few articles to offer you a notion of what kinds of sources you might utilize. Quite frequently, the ideal topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. You're writing about a controver sial subject, and it's important to stay diplomatic and even-handed. Picking a terrific topic is a trying endeavor. If you're a working student or simply have zero time for the research work we'll let you create a robust and winning essay. To begin with, you will want to comprehend what kind of essay you're supposed to write. An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. All the written essays are extremely easy and easy as a way to help students. Two-thirds of the Great Barrier Reef was damaged as a consequence of climate change. Folks should be ready for the inevitable consequences of the worldwide warming. Forests are the principal lungs of the Earth and the most important atmosphere for a wide selection of animals, birds and insects. Animals will not have any water or food to eat causing considerable amounts of animal deaths. The Unexpected Truth About Essay Topics on Issues with Climate Change Construction of infrastructure needed for generating wind energy isn't tedious as generally believed. A number of the things that have an impact on climate, like volcanic eruptions and changes in the sum of solar power, are natural. Likewise hydropower or biogas may be used for communications rather than batteries. Reducing temperatures of ac system also saves huge quantities of energy over the year. The attentiveness of assortments of greenhouse gases has grown as a consequence of individuals activities. Cash crops are an immensely significant part the economy in these types of nations. The gain in global temperature will allow it to be extremely tricky for farmers to grow crops to feed their family members and serve as their main source of income. This means a gain in global temps, a boost in excellent weather occasions like massive quantities, melting glaciers, and developing sea values, and a rise in ocean acid solution.

IT Alignment Volkswagen Company

Question: Discuss about the IT Alignment Volkswagen Company. Answer: Introduction IT alignment in the business is referred to the IT processes that are aligned to the business in order to achieve the organizational goals and to make the business more effective (Ye and Wang 2013). These alignment procedures generally supports the business and are incorporated with them in order to increase the efficiency of the business. The report provides a brief analysis about the Volkswagen case study and the IT alignment in the business related to it. The report provides the strengths and weaknesses of Volkswagen and their operations. In addition to this the report also provides the role of the IS in the company. The IT alignment of the company, the challenges faced by it and the remedies to the challenges have also been provided in the report. Strength and Challenges of Volkswagen The first car of the company was designed in the year 1930 by Ferdinand Porsche in Germany (Walter 2014). The vehicles were designed with the purpose of transporting families at a very high speed with very low consumption of fuel. The Beetle was one of the most popular cars that were designed by the company. It is bestselling car of all time. The sales of the car increased at a huge rate after its introduction to the market. The sale of the car continued for about 20 years. The sales ended around the year 1970. Although, the Latin America the sales of the car went on till 1990. Strength The company provided the cars for family purposes. The cars could maintain an effective highway speed. The cars also consumed a very low amount of fuel. The Beetle had reliable air cooled engines. The vehicles that were designed by the company were very stylish. In addition to all these the company had been proposed to accept more than 40 projects lately. Challenges During the 1990s the sales of the company dropped precariously. In addition to this the midlevel managers at the Volkswagen of America company had developed some unhealthy professional habits that hampered the company. In addition to this, the Executive also wanted to break the patterns of the sales of the company. In addition to this, the company were allocated projects worth $210 million, but the company had budget allocation of only about $60 millions Volkswagens Operations In order to tackle the challenges faced by the company lately they had to implement some resolutions for countering the effects of their decreasing sales (Bereford and Barrie 2015). The company had developed a motive to keep the main focus on the core processes of marketing that would be helping the company in focusing on the marketing and the sales processes, the after sales services that are provided to the customers, and the logistics of the vehicular distribution procedures. In addition to this, the company also want to push for the one-tier brand position. They wanted to improve the overall rank in the market. The Information system had performed several role for the company (Bakersville and Wood-Harper 2016). The IS produced the rate of sales for the company per year. The sales of the company peaked in the year 1960. But after the period the sale of the company went into cycles of ups and downs. Due this the sales chart was also known as the Himalayas chart. The sale fell until the rabbit was introduced in the year 1977. The rates of sales of the beetles were decreased by the year 1970 but had continued in Latin America till 1990. But the sales of the company were the lowest in the year 1990. THIs phase was known as the valley of despair. The IS of the company also indicated to the company the need of diversifying their products. IT alignment at Volkswagen question how can IT alignment be achieved Challenges of the IT alignment Due to this IT alignment of the company the company faced many challenges andifficulties (Ullah and Lai 2013). Remedies of the challenges. Weak point identified by Group Audit: the shortcomings and misconduct of employees and other weakness faced in the processes. The tolerance of company against breaching of certain rules was looked after. Conclusion For conclusion it can be easily said that the, IT alignment is very important for any kind of organization. The report has provided the case of the Volkswagen of America company. Although the organization faces several challenges due to the IT alignment, yet they can be very easily overcome to increase the overall efficiency of the company. References Baskerville, R.L. and Wood-Harper, A.T., 2016. A critical perspective on action research as a method for information systems research. InEnacting Research Methods in Information Systems: Volume 2(pp. 169-190). Springer International Publishing. Beresford, B. and Barrie, P., 2015. Using Performance Mapping and Gap Analysis to Improve Performance: An Evidence-Based Assessment.Cases on Human Performance Improvement Technologies, p.1. Coltman, T., Tallon, P., Sharma, R. and Queiroz, M., 2015. Strategic IT alignment: twenty-five years on.Journal of Information Technology,30(2), pp.91-100. Gerow, J.E., Thatcher, J.B. and Grover, V., 2015. Six Types of IT-Business Strategic Alignment: An investigation of the constructs and their measurement.European Journal of Information Systems,24(5), pp.465-491. Ismail, N.A. and King, M., 2014. Factors influencing the alignment of accounting information systems in small and medium sized Malaysian manufacturing firms.Journal of Information Systems and Small Business,1(1-2), pp.1-20. Ullah, A. and Lai, R., 2013. A systematic review of business and information technology alignment.ACM Transactions on Management Information Systems (TMIS),4(1), p.4. Walter, T., 2014.Total Cost of Ownership-Demonstrating the importance of quality awareness in the purchasing function of the Volkswagen Group of America(Master's thesis, University of Twente). Wu, S.P.J., Straub, D.W. and Liang, T.P., 2015. How information technology governance mechanisms and strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business and it managers.Mis Quarterly,39(2), pp.497-518. Ye, F. and Wang, Z., 2013. Effects of information technology alignment and information sharing on supply chain operational performance.Computers Industrial Engineering,65(3), pp.370-377.